Which term describes the act of overseeing or monitoring something?

The term that best describes the act of overseeing or monitoring something is surveillance. Surveillance refers specifically to the close observation of a person, group, or area, often for the purpose of gathering information or ensuring compliance with laws and regulations. It is commonly used in law enforcement and security contexts, where ongoing monitoring is essential for maintaining public safety and order.

While supervision, inspection, and review all involve some level of oversight, they each have distinct meanings. Supervision typically relates to managing and directing the work of others, particularly in a workplace setting. Inspection is the act of examining something closely, often to ensure it meets specific standards or criteria. Review involves evaluating or assessing something, typically in a more formal context.

In contrast, surveillance focuses specifically on the act of monitoring, often continuously, which captures the essence of overseeing in a way that aligns closely with the question's requirements.