Which of the following represents the number 4?

The representation of numbers in Roman numerals follows a specific set of symbols and rules. The numeral 'IV' distinctly stands for the number 4. In Roman numerals, 'I' represents 1, and when it precedes 'V' (which represents 5), it indicates that you subtract 1 from 5. Therefore, IV translates directly to 5 - 1 = 4. This understanding of the subtractive principle in Roman numeral representation is key to recognizing that 'IV' corresponds to the number 4.

In contrast, 'III' represents the number 3 since it is the sum of three 'I's (1 + 1 + 1). The numeral 'II' stands for 2, being the sum of two 'I's (1 + 1). Lastly, 'V' signifies 5 on its own without any subtractive elements. Each of these alternatives illustrates different values based on the rules governing Roman numeral notation.