What is the name of the case that contains a bullet, primer powder, and gunpowder?

The correct answer is "cartridge," as this term refers to the complete assembly that includes the bullet (the projectile that is fired), the primer powder (which ignites the gunpowder), and the gunpowder itself (which provides the propellant for firing the bullet). In the context of firearms, a cartridge is a self-contained unit that is essential for the functioning of a firearm when it is discharged.

Other terms, such as "magazine," typically refer to a device that holds multiple cartridges and feeds them into the firearm, but does not encompass the components of a single round. "Cylinder" refers to the rotating part of a revolver that holds the cartridges, while "chamber" is the specific part of the firearm where a single cartridge is placed before firing. Focusing on the definitions leads to the understanding that the term "cartridge" is specifically used to describe the complete unit containing all three elements—bullet, primer powder, and gunpowder—necessary for firing a projectile.