What is the legal term for an individual who begins a lawsuit?

The legal term for an individual who begins a lawsuit is 'Plaintiff.' This term refers to the person or party that brings a legal action against another in a court of law, seeking a remedy or enforcement of rights. In the context of civil court proceedings, the plaintiff is the one who files the complaint, sets forth the grounds for the lawsuit, and bears the burden of proof during the trial.

The other terms have different meanings within the legal system. For instance, the defendant is the party being accused or sued in a legal proceeding. The claimant is often used interchangeably with the plaintiff in some legal systems, particularly in cases where the claim relates to benefits or compensation, but it is more specific to certain contexts like claims for insurance or government benefits. The appellant refers to a party who appeals a lower court's decision to a higher court, seeking a review or reversal of that decision. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping legal terminology and procedures.