What do you call a person who is not a member of the military?

A person who is not a member of the military is referred to as a civilian. This designation encompasses individuals who are part of the general population and are not actively serving in the armed forces. Civilians fulfill a variety of roles in society, including function in government, education, healthcare, and various industries outside of military service.

The term "civilian" specifically contrasts with terms used for individuals in military service. For example, "soldier" denotes someone who serves in an army, while "officer" can refer to a commissioned member of the military. "Veteran," on the other hand, describes someone who has previously served in the military but is no longer active, which does not apply to a current non-military individual. Thus, in the context of distinguishing individuals based on their military status, "civilian" is the accurate term for someone not involved in military service.